Author: Jess Shergold

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Union Jack or Union Flag? The Definitive Guide to the UK’s Flag

British union jack flag and Big Ben Clock Tower at city of westminster in the background
Union Jack on aa blue sky

Ah, the Union Flag! A symbol recognised worldwide, this iconic flag represents not just the United Kingdom but also a rich history filled with unity and heritage, with a few exciting twists along the way. Whether you call it the Union Jack or the Union Flag (more on that later!), there’s more to this flag than meets the eye.

 So, grab a cuppa, sit back, and let’s get into the fascinating story behind our great nation’s Flag!

How the Union Flag was born

The Union Flag, as we know it today, combines three flags, each representing a distinct part of the UK. It all started in 1603 when James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne as James I, uniting Scotland and England under one monarch. But while the crowns were united, the flags were not.

Here comes the first version of the Union Flag in 1606! This early flag combined the red cross of St. George, representing the English Patron Saint, with the white saltire of St. Andrew, representing the Scottish patron on a blue field. The initial thinking behind James I’s design was to create a recognisable flag that was an obvious combination of both kingdoms and easily recognisable worldwide. 

Along Comes Ireland!

 

Fast forward to 1801, and the UK was expanding again, this time to include Ireland. The red saltire of St. Patrick was added to the mix to symbolise this union. This created the flag we all know and love today, with the three symbols (St. George, St. Andrew, and St. Patrick) overlaid on one another.

 You might notice that Wales isn’t represented on the Union Flag. That’s because, controversially, when the first flag was designed, Wales was already united with England and considered part of the Kingdom of England.

 But don’t worry, the Welsh dragon proudly flies on its flag, the Red Dragon or “Y Ddraig Goch.”

Union Flag or Union Jack? Potato, Potahto?

Let’s clear up one of the most common misconceptions: Is it the Union Flag or the Union Jack? Technically, it’s the Union Flag when flown on land. 

The term “Union Jack” originally referred to the flag only when it was flown at sea on the jackstaff (a pole on the ship’s bow for the non-seafaring folk amongst us). However, it was only in 1902 when the UK government officially announced that the British flag would be widely known as the Union Jack. 

So, whether you prefer Union Jack or Union Flag you’re in good company!

A Symbol of Unity (and a Bit of Controversy)

The Union Flag isn’t just a symbol of unity; it’s also a flag that has sparked its fair share of debate and controversy. For instance, some have called for adding a Welsh element to the flag to better represent all the nations of the UK. There have also been discussions about the flag’s future in the context of political changes within the UK, like Scottish independence movements.

But despite these debates, the Union Flag remains a powerful symbol of the UK’s history and identity. Whether flying proudly over government buildings, waved at sporting events, or embellished on t-shirts and mugs, the Union Flag inspires pride and conversation

The Union Flag Around the World

Did you know the Union Flag appears on the flags of an incredible 23 countries worldwide that use the British flag for official purposes.

Most of these countries are former colonies or part of the Commonwealth. 

Many former British colonies feature the Union Jack in their updated flags; just look at smaller British territories and islands to see that.

Bigger countries like Australia and New Zealand have a strong British heritage and continue to fly the Union Jack as part of their flags. 

The US state of Hawaii continues to feature the Union Jack in its state flag and plans to keep this the same. 

Buy Your Own Union Flag Here
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How to look after your Café Barriers

Outdoor cafe barriers displaying branding for Elgars Coffee Shop and Restaurant, set up along a cobblestone street with customers seated at tables
Outdoor cafe barriers displaying branding for Elgars Coffee Shop and Restaurant, set up along a cobblestone street with customers seated at tables

As I look out the window on a windy but blue-sky day at the start of August, my mind wanders to warmer Spring days spent sitting outside in a cafe or bar, watching the world go by while sipping a coffee or something stronger.

Those bar or coffee owners are probably looking at making the most of their outside space and, in turn, reviewing their outside seating and café barrier systems. Is the current system fit for purpose, and does it entice people?

Short of buying new systems or banners, we are always asked, “How do I maximise the life span of café barriers?”

Below, I will explore and detail how to look after your Café Barriers. You have invested heavily in these items and want them to showcase your branding and site at their best.

First, let’s break this down into hardware, banners, and complete systems.

Cafe Barrier Hardware

 

We provide four hardware systems:

Espresso

Black powder-coated post and base, cross rail and spring clips.

Cafe barrier with HFC branding on a blue banner, supported by silver posts.

Medio

Chrome finish post and base, cross rail and spring clips.

Prestige

Stainless steel finish post, base, and cross rails.

Primo

Chrome finish post and base, as well as cross rails.

 

Each of these is hard-wearing and should last for years; however, here are some tips to keep them as good as new for as long as possible:

  • Try to keep the bases out of standing water. The bases have small feet to keep them off the ground, but excess water will cause rusting issues, so try to keep them as dry as possible.
  • When moving posts and bases, lifting is preferable to rolling. They are heavy for a reason, so lifting can sometimes be problematic, but lifting rather than rolling is always better whenever possible. Rolling could damage the base.
  • Never lift the post and base as a whole unit with the cross beam and barrier, tempting as it might be. Doing this will only damage the cross beam and end clips. Always disassemble the banner and cross beams first and move the post and bases independently.
  • Always check fixings are tight. Loose fixings mean wobbly café barriers and are more likely to fail.
  • Posts and bases can be cleaned with hot water, a soft cloth and mild detergent. Do not use strong detergents. Dry off with a towel to remove any excess detergent.
  • Cross beams should be checked for wear and tear. Ensure the beam is not bent (Customers like to lean or sit on them). If they are bent, they will need to be replaced as the stell integrity is then damaged and could cause injury down the line should someone lean or sit on it again)
  • Cross-beam end clips should also be checked to ensure they work correctly and sit well on the post. Replacement end clips are available should any be damaged.

Cafe Barrier Banners

We provide banners in many fabrics to suit customer needs and the environment they will use.

Let’s explore each and how to look after them:

1. Airmesh—Our lightweight option allows wind to permeate through and is recommended for windy sites. Airmesh can be washed in situ with a soft sponge and mild detergent. Alternatively, the mesh banner can be removed from the hardware and placed in a washing machine on a low-heat wash with non-biological detergent. The colours will then stay intact, and any grime should be removed. Dry on a line or the barrier itself, so creases drop out.

2. Knitted Polyester—Another lightweight option. Knitted Polyester can be washed in situ with a soft sponge and mild detergent. Alternatively, the knitted polyester banner can be removed from the hardware and placed in a washing machine on a low-heat wash with non-biological detergent. The colours will then stay intact, and any grime should be removed. Dry on a line or the barrier itself, so creases drop out.

3. Display Polyester—This is a higher–grade option with a premium look and feel. It can be washed in situ with a soft sponge and mild detergent. Alternatively, the banner can be removed from the hardware and placed in a washing machine on a low-heat wash with non-biological detergent. The colours will then stay intact, and any grime should be removed. Dry on a line or the barrier itself, so creases drop out.

4. Canvas is a premium option for a high-end look and feel. It can be washed in situ with a soft sponge and mild detergent.

5. PVC is a versatile and cost-effective material. It can be washed in situ with a soft sponge and mild detergent.

6. PVC Mesh—This material is Versatile and great in windy conditions as air flows through it. PVC mesh can be washed in situ with a soft sponge and mild detergent.

For all and any of the banners, regular inspection of the hems is advised, and when taking in overnight, roll up along the hemmed edge and around the cross beam.

 

Total System

Always take it apart when moving, and do not try to lift two posts and bases by its connected cross beam.

Do not drag the cross beams across the floor, as this will damage the end clips.

The strength of the system is partly dependent on the setup design. For example, posts and bases arranged into an L shape will always be much more resilient to wind than those placed in a straight, long line.

 

Conclusion

As with most things, the more you look after the cafe barrier system, the longer it will last, and the better it will reflect positively on your branding.

Monitoring all the elements of the system every time you take it in and put it out again will give you a good indication of any issues. Hopefully, none of your customers will try to sit on the banner cross beam and bend it (we have seen this on many occasions), but being vigilant about this will also help.

In the UK, we crave outside areas to mix in, drink, and eat. I think it is because of the lack of sunshine and our belligerence that we WILL enjoy the fresh air. Let us all want that experience: a well-looked-after seating area with great branding and a fit-for-purpose café barrier. Roll on the summer.

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Who Gets to Fly the Red Ensign? A Guide to Britain’s Civil Ensign

UK ensign british maritime flag of yacht sailboat. blue sky and sea in background. Sailing yachting. Luxury tourism travel.
Red Ensign Flag flying in the wind from a ship's flagpole

The Red Ensign commonly called the Red Duster, is more than just a flag; it symbolises British maritime prowess and national pride. Seen fluttering on the sterns of ships around the globe, this flag marks the vessel’s link to the United Kingdom and tells a story of maritime history and tradition. 

In this blog, we’ll explore and explain the regulations surrounding the Red Ensign and who can display them.

What is the Red Ensign?

The Red Ensign is the official civil ensign of the United Kingdom and is primarily used by British merchant and passenger ships. Featuring a red field with the Union Jack in the upper left corner, the flag serves as a distinctive marker of British civil ships on international waters. The flag’s design has evolved over the centuries but has remained a steadfast symbol of Britain’s maritime heritage.

Eligibility to Fly the Red Ensign

Flying the Red Ensign is a privilege accorded to vessels that meet specific registration criteria. Primarily, the flag is flown by merchant ships registered in the United Kingdom, which includes England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Additionally, vessels registered in British Crown Dependencies such as Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man, as well as British Overseas Territories like Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and Gibraltar, are also eligible. This section of the maritime flag code ensures that the Red Ensign is flown with respect and in accordance with British law.

Regions and Registration

Eligibility to fly the Ensign extends beyond the mainland of the United Kingdom to include various territories connected to the British Crown. Each region has specific rules governing the registration of vessels:

  • United Kingdom: Includes England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, where ships must be registered with the UK Ship Register.
  • Crown Dependencies: These include the Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey. Vessels registered in these jurisdictions enjoy the same privileges as those registered in the UK.
  • Overseas Territories: Territories such as Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and Gibraltar also have the right to register ships under the Red Ensign. Each territory may have additional local regulations but generally follows the overarching British maritime law.

Defaced Ensigns

While the standard Ensign is widespread, certain British territories have the right to fly a ‘defaced’ version of the flag. These flags bear a badge or emblem that represents the territory, adding to the traditional design:

  • Definition and Use: A defaced Red Ensign includes a local emblem placed beside the Union Jack on the flag’s broader fly side. These are used to represent the unique identity of the territories while maintaining a connection with the UK.
  • Legal Authority: The right to use a defaced ensign must be granted by a Royal Warrant or an Order in Council, ensuring that its use is formally recognized and regulated by the Crown.

Regulations for Registered Vessels

For vessels registered in the UK and eligible territories, there are specific regulations concerning the display of the Red Ensign:

  • Daylight Display: It is mandatory for all UK-registered merchant vessels to display the Red Ensign during daylight hours, ensuring visibility and compliance with maritime traditions.
  • Exceptions: Special permissions may be granted for vessels to fly other ensigns, such as the Blue Ensign or White Ensign, typically linked to specific clubs or military affiliations. These permissions are strictly controlled and subject to detailed regulatory requirements.

Beyond Registered Commercial Ships

The Red Ensign is not exclusively for commercial vessels; it also adorns private yachts and pleasure crafts owned by British citizens. The rules for flying the Red Ensign on such vessels can vary slightly from those for commercial ships:

  • Eligibility: Private owners must ensure their vessel is properly registered in the UK or one of its territories to fly the Red Ensign legally.
  • Guidelines: It is advisable for owners to consult with maritime authorities to understand the specific guidelines that apply to private vessels in their region to ensure compliance with local and international maritime laws.

Legal Implications of Improper Use

Flying the Red Ensign without proper authorization can lead to significant legal repercussions, both under British and international law:

  • National Law: Unauthorized use of the Red Ensign in UK waters can result in fines and other penalties under British maritime regulations.
  • International Consequences: Improper display of the Red Ensign on international waters can complicate diplomatic relations and potentially result in sanctions or penalties from other maritime authorities.

How to Register a Vessel for the Red Ensign

To legally fly the Red Ensign, a vessel must be properly registered. Here is a step-by-step guide to registering a vessel under the Red Ensign:

  • Contact the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) or Local Maritime Registry: Depending on the vessel’s location, contact the appropriate body to initiate the registration process.
  • Provide Necessary Documentation: This includes proof of ownership, measurement certificates, and any other required documents that verify the vessel’s eligibility.
  • Complete Registration Process: Follow through with the registration process as instructed by maritime authorities, which may vary depending on the specific registry and type of vessel.

Respecting the Red Ensign





The Red Ensign is more than a flag; it’s a symbol of Britain’s maritime legacy and a mark of national pride. Adhering to the guidelines for its display is essential for maintaining its dignity and the respect it commands worldwide:

  • Proper Use: Always ensure the Red Ensign is flown correctly and in accordance with maritime laws to honor its historical and national significance.
  • Educational Outreach: Educating vessel owners and crews about the importance and correct use of the Red Ensign can help maintain its respected status around the world.

Understanding who can fly the Red Ensign and the regulations governing its use is crucial for maintaining the integrity of this historic flag. Whether for a commercial ship or a private yacht, ensuring compliance with the registration requirements and respecting the flag’s protocol preserves the tradition and honor associated with the Red Ensign. For anyone involved in British maritime activities, the Red Ensign represents a connection to a proud maritime heritage and a responsibility to uphold its standards.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can any ship fly the Red Ensign?

No, only ships registered in the United Kingdom, its Crown Dependencies, and Overseas Territories are eligible to fly the Red Ensign. Pleasure crafts owned by British citizens also qualify, provided they are properly registered.

What is the difference between the Red Ensign and other British ensigns?

The Red Ensign is specifically designated for civilian vessels. Other ensigns, like the Blue Ensign and the White Ensign, are used by government-operated vessels and the Royal Navy, respectively.

Are there penalties for flying the Red Ensign without authorization?

Yes, unauthorized use of the Red Ensign can result in fines and other legal penalties under both British and international law. It’s important to ensure your vessel is registered correctly before flying the Red Ensign.

Can I fly a defaced Red Ensign on my ship?

You can fly a defaced Red Ensign if your vessel is registered in a territory that has been granted a defaced version of the flag through a Royal Warrant or Order in Council. You should verify with local maritime authorities that your ship meets all necessary criteria.

Maritime Jargon Explained

Civil Ensign

A flag used by civilian vessels to denote nationality, as opposed to military or state vessels.

Defaced Ensign

A national flag that has been modified by adding a badge or emblem to represent different regions or branches of service. In the context of the Red Ensign, these modifications represent British Overseas Territories or Crown Dependencies.

Royal Warrant

An official document issued by a member of the royal family granting an individual or corporation the right to supply goods or services to the Crown. In the context of the Red Ensign, it refers to authorization to use a special version of the flag.

Order in Council

A type of legislation in many countries, especially Commonwealth realms, where it is used to legislate on matters that require executive authority.

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Understanding Half-Mast Protocol: A Symbol of Global Mourning

The image shows the top portion of the Victoria Tower of the Palace of Westminster, framed by leafy green trees. A Union Jack flag flies at half-mast atop the tower against a cloudy sky.

Raising the national flag at half-mast forms one of the universally known traditions to symbolize mourning, respect, and tribute, intrinsically woven with history, traditions, and customs, with established protocols. The practice of lowering the flag at half-mast is believed to have originated in the 17th Century and is closely linked with the notion of grief and distress or a tribute to the passing of an individual. The tradition was that the idea of “leaving room for an invisible flag of death” to fly over the lowered flag, symbolizing the notion of loss as well as respect for the fallen.

The Procedure for Raising and Lowering Flags to Half-Mast

Initial Raising to Full Mast

When a flag is going to be flown at half-mast, it should first be hoisted to the very top of the flagpole. This particular action is not only ceremonial, but also symbolic in nature. It establishes that the flag is being deliberately lowered to half-mast as a sign of respect, as opposed to not being fully raised.

Lowering from Full to Half-Mast

When you’ve gotten your flag to the top, you pause for a second in respect. To put a flag at half-mast, you must first lower it to that point. There are different interpretations of “half-mast,” which leave the flag at exactly half the height of the pole being (arguably) the most accurate; others suggest lowering it by exactly the width of one flag instead or, to a point, a third of the way down from the top.

The Flag Institute and the College of Arms, among others, argue that the last is the best option. This takes all the guessing out and makes it so the flag is not in a position in which it could be interpreted as being displayed improperly but rather definitely as a sign of respect to anyone who might observe it.

Wall Mounted Flags and Mourning Cravats

Traditional half-masting is also not possible for flags on poles attached to walls at more than 45 degrees and also on Ceremonial Flagpoles. Where this is possible, a Mourning Cravat – a black ribbon is tied around the top of the flag – is an alternative symbol of mourning and respect.

The Royal Standard Exception

An interesting feature of the Royal Standard: This flag represents the monarchy and must never be at half-mast. It is the representation of the monarchy, which is continuous and immediate. This traditional insistence underlines the idea of the monarchy being an unchanging establishment, higher than the mortality of its members.

Sovereign’s Command

It is commanded that the flags of the United Kingdom be lowered only to half-mast in accordance with official instructions of the Sovereign given to mourn a national period of respect.

However, flags at half-mast in regional or personal mourning are not uncommon for local authorities, businesses, and individuals. This is not necessarily by command of the Sovereign but is generally respected and observed by the community.

Flying flags at half-mast is a poignant act of collective remembrance and respect that can be seen in all corners of the globe. Forgetting cultural and national barriers, it speaks of deep grief and high tribute and is a dignified way to bring people quietly and meaningfully together in sorrow.